Terms of Reference for Conflict and Power Analysis to map out conflict parameters including aggravating and mitigating factors (Understanding Identity, Stereotypes and Prejudice) in Burao IDPs

Terms of Reference for Conflict and Power Analysis to map out conflict parameters including aggravating and mitigating factors (Understanding Identity, Stereotypes and Prejudice) in Burao IDPs

Terms of Reference

Organization:

Oxfam Novib – Burao 

Project:

EU-BREACH Boosting resilience and attaining durable solutions for displacement affected community in Burao.

Donor 

EU

Position type:

Contract

Location:

Burao

Calender days:

35 days

Reporting to:

Livelihoods & Economic Growth Coordinator

Starting date (TBC):

June - July 2024

Background.

Oxfam is a global movement of people working together to end the injustice of poverty. It has been working in Somalia/Somaliland since the 1970s and plays a key foundational role in supporting Somali people and communities to provide development and lifesaving programs. 

It supported civil society organizations and has been called by many current and past partners "the mother of Somali civil society." 

Oxfam’s support of women's rights, advocacy, and gender equality has been a steady component of the program, and many leading advocates for women's rights, gender equality, and women's issues were once partners or trainees of Oxfam. We are an international confederation of 19 organizations (affiliates) working together with partners and local communities in humanitarian, development, and campaigning, in more than 90 countries. All our work is led by six core values: Empowerment, Accountability, Inclusiveness, Equality, Courage and Solidarity. 

In 2021, Oxfam developed a 10-year strategy with new program directions focusing on just economy and economic development, Inclusive governance, gender justice, Conflict-sensitive humanitarian response, and resilience to climate and fragility.

SomRep consortium of five organizations (Oxfam, DRC, WVI, CARE and SHAQADOON) is implementing two-year project funded by the EU in Burao district, Somaliland. The goal of the project is “Enhancing the resilience of displacement-affected communities in Burao and adjacent locations of Somaliland through access to durable solutions driven by a rights and needs based approach.”  The project aims to reach 48,000 people from 20 IDP settlements and villages in Burao and its environs of which 24,000 are Internally Displaced People (IDPs) and 24,000 host communities. 

The project target population is affected by the internal displacements due to recurrent droughts, conflicts and other shocks;  the situation triggers  that the people to live with  limited public service and livelihood opportunities, where the most vulnerable groups including women, girls, elderly people and children are  the worst affected by  the critical shocks. 

To boost the resilience of the community and building durable solutions through peaceful social cohesion, it is paramount important to work with both communities to ensure that IDPs are provided with durable solutions, addressing drivers of conflict, and encouraging social inclusion. Through this Action, SomReP will pivot back to provide durable solutions to drought and displacement-affected communities on the pathways to develop resilience capacities. 

Recognizing the connection between newly displaced populations in urban centers and socio-economic ties to the hinterland, SomReP builds to household, group, and community capacity to adapt to climate and conflict drivers, including supporting them to develop social networks in new locations, diversify livelihoods, including agro-business linked to rural villages, support group DRR analysis and planning processes to strengthen basic services, and new skills for advocacy to ensure basic services delivery. Thus, within the scope of this ToR, Oxfam shall assess gender-sensitive conflict and power dynamics in EU-BREACH areas in the Burao District, with the assistance of a third-party consultant.

Context Analysis. 

Burao district covers vast areas of pastoral and small agro-pastoral zones of livelihoods, the repetitive droughts and other shocks have disrupted and exacerbated the source of income for many households as the district is prone to the climate related shocks and conflicts over the communal resources. A shortage of social resources causes recurring conflict over natural resources to become regular.  According to the Food Security Nutrition Analysis Unit (FSNAU) of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Burao hosts 143,952 IDPs which means that Burao receives more IDPs than any other town in Somaliland. This is because, over the past 15 years, the district and the region as a whole have experienced frequent droughts, conflicts, and other climate-related hazards. In 2011, the region witnessed a deadliest famine in decades, and subsequent severe droughts have claimed a large number of livestock. For that reason, affected people resorted to displace and form new IDP settlements or to join the existing ones in Burao and its environs. The displacement affected communities are vulnerable to a range of potential challenges; land ownership, employments opportunities, constant eviction threats, conflict over the scare resources and lack of integration into the host communities. Likewise, the host communities also feel the burden laden by the displacement and triggered worsening situations to local people to sufficiently manage the limited resources.

Purpose of the assignment 

The purpose is to conduct a conflict and power analysis is understanding of multi-layered dynamics and identify the relationship between factors that may drive conflict or support peace engines. 

Objectives

1. Mapping out conflict parameters including aggravating and mitigating factors (Understanding Identity, Stereotypes and Prejudice)

2. Identifying community dynamics which are based on access to resources, and the associated power that give access to different groups and individuals within the community.

3. Identifying the relationship between factors that may drive conflict or support peace engines and stakeholder involvement. 

4.  Providing a multi-dimensional understanding of conflict drivers and insights on social cohesion engines that need to be supported.

5. Providing recommendation for the project enabling more targeted programming and more efficient use of resources.

Specific activities for the consultant/firm:

1. Training of staff on approaches and participatory tools for conflict and power analysis. 

2. Community and stakeholder sensitization.

3. Introductory meeting with village development committees (VDCs) on gender-sensitive conflict and power assessment for enhanced community participation, particularly by women, men, boys, girls, and persons with disabilities.

4. Community level assessments and analysis together with VDCs and local committees and groups, integrating findings from desk review. 

5. Drafting, validation and circulation of context-specific conflict and power analysis reports at local, district and regional levels for information purposes. 

6. Undertake a mapping of vertical efforts in pursuit of social cohesion (types of structures used, information flows, prioritisation of communities) and horizontal efforts (social accountability, capacity strengthening of formal/informal power holders, enhancing accountability for women, girls, and marginalised groups; provision of intergroup communication channels; cultural activities to address perceptions and support inclusion; collaborative dispute resolution trainings)

7. Develop and share draft report for further review and finalize in incorporation with stakeholder feedbacks. 

8. Submit the final report to Oxfam.

Methodology

The analysis will be done at the start of the project both at the community/village level (primary data) and using secondary data (desk review). Findings of the conflict and power analysis will then be presented to the community who will review and validate them. The assessment will also include using qualitative approach through key informant interviews (KIIs), Focus group discussions (FGDs) and observations. The consultant will prepare the tools and will share with Oxfam staff to validate.

The Assessment Target Locations are these villages/IDP settlements in Burao district. 

IDPs; Adam Saleban, Caqilyare , Hayir, Guryasamo, 18 May, Marayare, Ali Hussein , Alla Aamin, and Koosar and Kam Barwaqo,

Villages; Suuqsade, Qoyta, Kalbare, Ina Afmadoobe, Qoryaale, Godorka, Boodhley waqooyi, Iskudhoonka Village, Galooley,and  Kaladhac

Activity Schedule

1. Conduct desk review and identify data team -2 days

2.  Training the data collectors and tool developments -2 days

3. Produce sources of conflict and power analysis -9 days

4. Present the map to conflict and power analysis for validation -1 days.

5. Write and analyze a conflict and power analysis report -13 days.

6. Produce and incorporate feedbacks to the conflict and power analysis report and - 6 day

7.  Final review and submit the final report to Oxfam – 1 day.

Deliverables and Milestones

Consultant to implement the activity specifically as mentioned below. Oxfam aims to have all deliverables completed by July 31st, 2024. Oxfam will engage the consultant for 35 days to complete the following:

1. Prepare an inception report outlining how participatory conflict and power dynamics analysis is undertaken. 

2. Share tools with Oxfam for input and/or approval.

3.  Design/adapt/refine (as appropriate) the mapping guidelines for conflict and power analysis mapping in a participatory manner for the relevant stakeholders to produce a sound outcome.

4.  Arrange for the questionnaires to be translated into relevant languages.

5.  Train and support the data collection team.

6.  A final consolidated assessment report is to be shared with Oxfam for approval.

• Minimum a master’s degree in political science, conflict studies, political economy, or any other related discipline with 5-7 years of demonstrated experience in conducting similar assessments preferably in the Somali context.

• Strong analytical skills and data analysis in post conflict assessment in fragile context affected by shocks and having good knowledge of gender sensitivity and mainstreaming.

• Familiarity with established assessment and analytical tools is desirable (e.g. stakeholder analysis, resource management, power sharing, conflict dynamics, needs-based conflict origins, and rational, strategic calculations, etc.

• Demonstrated excellent analytical, writing, and reporting skills.

• Familiarity with geographical areas covered by the project/ understanding of issues related to communities in Burao District.

• Fluency in written and spoken English.

Evaluation Criteria

The Selection of the consultant will be made based on cumulative analysis i.e. mandatory requirements and technical qualifications as follows:

Mandatory requirements

References including names and contact information from previous clients who can be contacted regarding relevant experience in the translation of documents (At least three)

Technical Evaluation

Applicants need to clearly articulate the following, but not limited to: -

Technical proposal explaining how power and conflict analysis will be carried out

Sample of previous similar work (to be attached separately)

Detailed CVs of key personnel (including any formal qualifications) should be provided.

Financial Evaluation

A financial proposal with a detailed breakdown of costs quoted in USD. The applicable tax amount must be clearly stipulated and separated from the base costs.

Payment Terms and credit Period

A financial proposal should not be part of the technical proposal; it should be a separate document.

Proposals should be submitted in three distinct/separate attachments, namely Mandatory Requirements, Technical Proposal, and Financial Proposal (Bidders who will combine both technical and financial proposals shall be disqualified)

All applicants should submit C.V., work sample, and availability via email clearly marked as ‘Terms of Reference for Conflict and Power Analysis in Burao IDPs to [email protected] by 22nd June 2024. Applications received after the deadline shall not be considered.